Plastic Surgery

Cosmetic vs. Reconstructive Surgery

Although the outward effects may be similar or even identical, the terms cosmetic and reconstructive surgery are not interchangeable. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons, Inc., and the American Medical Association, Inc., make the following distinctions.

The plastic surgeon performs cosmetic surgery to reshape normal structures of the face or body in order to improve the patient’s appearance and self-esteem.

Reconstructive surgery intends to correct abnormalities of facial or body structures caused by congenital defects, developmental abnormalities, injuries, previous or concurrent surgeries, infection, tumors or other disease. The purpose of reconstructive surgery is generally to improve function, but it may also be used to restore a normal appearance.

These distinctions are not always clear but have implications for your health-care coverage. Nearly all insurance carriers cover reconstructive procedures for functional restoration, but not those performed purely for cosmetic reasons. In general, the classification as cosmetic or reconstructive depends upon the reason that the surgery is performed. For example, rhinoplasty to change the shape of the nose is considered cosmetic. However, rhinoplasty to change the shape of the nose following traumatic deformity (in other words, after an injury) is reconstructive.

Corrective surgery to remove or minimize the effects of scarring usually provides cosmetic improvement. These procedures are reconstructive in nature because scars are abnormal formations that develop on the body as a result of injury or illness. However, if the surgery affects appearance without improving function, it may be considered, in essence, cosmetic.

Whether we see you in the Department of Plastic Surgery or Cosmetic Services, we can help direct you for appropriate coverage and care.